High-purity nano hydroxyapatite (CaP) synthesized at low temperature (<100°C): a promising candidate for large-scale production of nano fertilizers.

Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoliquid fertilizers have shown great potential in improving nutrient uptake efficiency by providing a controlled and sustained release of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions. In this study, we successfully synthesized highly pure calcium phosphate nanoparticles with a uniform size of a few tens of nanometers using a simple and cost-effective method. By incorporating triethanolamine (TEA) as a complexing and stabilizing agent, we significantly reduced the synthesis temperature, leading to lower energy consumption and production costs while ensuring excellent nanoparticle quality. The resulting nano-hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) exhibited a high surface area, promoting gradual nutrient release and improved bioavailability for crops. This straightforward approach offers a scalable and economically viable route for producing advanced nanofertilizers tailored for sustainable agriculture.