Uncommon Pulmonary Mycobacterium wolinskyi Infection in a Hemodialysis Patient

In recent years, the detection rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria has increased, drawing attention in clinical settings. Here, we present a case of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium wolinskyi coinfection in a 60-year-old hemodialysis recipient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of isolating the M. wolinskyi strain from human respiratory samples, including a comprehensive exploration of its susceptibility to clinically available antimicrobials. This discovery deepened our understanding of the infection spectrum of M. wolinskyi, highlighting the need to consider the potential for coinfections with common pathogens and less common atypical pathogens when managing immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, this study also assessed the in vitro antibacterial activity of newly available antibacterial drugs in clinical practice against the M. wolinskyi strain.