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September 23, 2025Laser & Photonics Review4 citations

Mechanochromism‐Free Cu4I4 Complex‐Based Scintillators for Highly‐Efficient X‐Ray Excited Luminescence and Highly‐Resolution X‐Ray Tomography Imaging

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JSJiacheng ShenZPZhiqiang PanJPJiexue Pan

Key Points

  • Highly efficient luminescence yields from Cu4X4 clusters can significantly improve X-ray imaging quality.
  • Radiative pathways involving both TADF and phosphorescence enhance performance with quantum yields reaching 87.77%.
  • New scintillator films provide over 20 line pairs per millimeter, ensuring accurate 3D imaging of complex structures.
  • By mitigating mechanochromism, these advancements open opportunities for non-destructive testing in industries and medical imaging.

Abstract

Abstract Copper(I) halide cluster‐based complexes (especially Cu 4 X 4 ) are promising scintillators, but their practical application is limited by mechanochromism and nonradiative decay from cluster‐centered (3CC) transitions. Herein, novel octahedral or distorted‐octahedral Cu 4 X 4 (X = Cl, Br, I) clusters are reported, stabilized by a rigid diphenyl‐2‐pyridylphosphine ligand. These structures differ from classical cubane or stairstep geometries. The rigid ligand and intermolecular π – π interactions (π Ph –π Ph or π Py –π Ph ) effectively suppress 3 CC‐induced distortions and promote radiative 3 (M+X)LCT emission. A small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔE ST ) enables dual emission pathways via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence, leading to shortened lifetimes, high quantum yields (PLQY up to 87.77%), and a steady‐state X‐ray relative light yield 2.5‐fold higher than commercial scintillator Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 . The corresponding flexible scintillator films exhibit excellent spatial resolution (>20 lp mm −1 ), and enable accurate 3D reconstruction of complex industrial components. These results highlight a robust strategy to enhance luminescence efficiency and stability of Cu 4 X 4 ‐based scintillators, offering great potential for high‐resolution panoramic X‐ray imaging and X‐ray tomography in medical diagnosis and industrial non‐destructive inspection.

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Cite This Study

Shen et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d4725631b076d99fa6b26fhttps://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501179
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