Evaluation of Cathepsin K Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid DuringOrthodontic Tooth Movement in Humans

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves the application of mechanical forces that inducechanges in the periodontal tissues. Cathepsin K, a protease enzyme, plays a significant role in bone remodelingduring OTM. This study aimed to assess the presence and levels of Cathepsin K in the gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) of individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, Narayan Medical College, andHospital, Sasaram, Bihar, India from Jan 2018 to December 2018. A total of 120 patients (60 males and 60females, aged 18–35 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Gingival crevicularfluid samples were collected at baseline, and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following the application of orthodontic forces.The levels of Cathepsin K in the GCF were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The levels of Cathepsin K in the GCF increased significantly within the first two weeks after the initiationof orthodontic treatment, with the highest levels observed at the second week. The data showed a marked variationin enzyme levels between different regions of the dental arch, with the highest levels seen in areas where maximumforce was applied.Conclusion: Cathepsin K is a key biomarker in the monitoring of bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment.The increased concentration of Cathepsin K in gingival crevicular fluid during the early phase of orthodontic toothmovement suggests its potential as a diagnostic tool for evaluating bone remodeling processes in orthodontics.