Assessment of Vitamin D Level and Risk Factors in A Patient of DiabetesMellitus: A Retrospective Study

Abstract:Background: Vitamin D has attracted growing attention in recent years for its possible role in glucosemetabolism, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammatory processes. Hypovitaminosis D is suspected to be acontributing factor in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly inpopulations with high cardiometabolic risk.Objective: To evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and a spectrum of clinical and lifestyle-related risk factors among adult patients with T2DM.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Department of Respiratory medicine, Sardar Patel MedicalCollege, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India for one year . A total of 240 adult T2DM patients were enrolled. Data werecollected on age, gender, BMI, physical activity, diet, sun exposure, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Statistical analysisincluded Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression models to identify independent predictors of lowvitamin D.Results: Among the 240 participants, 63.3% were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and only 13.8% had sufficientlevels (>30 ng/mL). There was a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and HbA1c (r = –0.31, p <0.001), BMI (r = –0.27, p = 0.003), and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.01). Poor glycemic control and obesity remainedindependent predictors in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among diabetic patients and is significantly associated withobesity, physical inactivity, and poor glycemic control. Timely screening and correction of vitamin D status maysupport better metabolic management in T2DM.