Counterfeiting poses a significant threat to global commerce, causing economic damage and jeopardizing consumer safety. This report addresses the critical need for advanced anti-counterfeiting measures. While often confused, authentication verifies an item’s genuineness, whereas anticounterfeiting is a broader strategy that includes authentication to deter counterfeit production. This report explores such technologies, which are primarily based on tangible objects and can be used as an anticounterfeiting measure. Such technologies, referred subsequently as “hardware-based anticounterfeiting techniques”, provides a critical line of defence in the fight against imitation of goods. This review covers diverse methods: electronic, mechanical, chemical, and marking techniques. The report emphasizes that no single technique is sufficient, advocating for a multi-layered approach. By combining these hardware solutions with complementary measures like supply chain monitoring, we can create a more resilient defense against counterfeiting.
Choudhury et al. (2025) studied this question.