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September 23, 2025NeurodiversityOpen Access

Underrepresentation of Females and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Research on Pragmatic Language in Autism: A Scoping Review

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Authors

GMGary E. MartinSt. John's UniversitySESarah B. EthridgeMBMaureen ButlerNorthwestern University

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Overview

Scoping review highlights underrepresentation of females and racial minorities in autism studies, suggesting bias in findings.

Key Points

  • Most studies in autism research demonstrated underrepresentation of females and racial/ethnic minority groups.
  • About 80% of studies reported sex, while race and ethnicity were noted in less than 10%, indicating significant gaps.
  • Assessment of over 1,800 articles revealed 308 studies with poor representation of women and minority backgrounds.
  • Inclusion practices improved over the years, yet white non-Hispanic males remain overly represented in research literature.

Cite This Study

Martin et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d473a631b076d99fa6bf09https://doi.org/10.1177/27546330251381443
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1A multi-method phenotypic study of sex differences in pragmatic language in autism2026
  2. 2Profiling Autistic Language and Communication: A Critical Review of the Scientific Narrative Over Time2026
  3. 3Gender Bias in Autism Research on Young Adults: A Scoping Review2026
  4. 4Expanding the autism evidence base: Strategies to increase participant representation2025
  5. 5Exploring Pragmatic Abilities in Sisters of Autistic Individuals: A Methodological Solution to Female Autism Research2025