Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Performance of Semi-Prefabricated Second Lining of Highway Tunnels

To align with the development trends of green construction and industrialized building, prefabricated assembly technology has been widely applied in highway tunnel lining structures. However, when used in large-section highway tunnels, this technology faces challenges not only due to the large size of the components but due to the high demands in the working space. In response to the limitations of traditional assembly methods, this paper proposes a semi-prefabricated secondary lining structure for highway tunnels. The mechanical performance of the second lining constructed by various segmentation schemes under surrounding rock pressure is analyzed using a 3D shell-spring finite element model, considering both the continuous and staggered seam layouts. This study provides technical support for the design of assembled secondary lining structures in large-section highway tunnels.