Use of Alternative Materials in Geotechnics

The use of alternative materials has gained prominence in various fields due to the growing environmental concerns within the construction sector. In this context, a wide range of studies has been conducted focusing on the reuse of materials such as construction and demolition waste (CDW), composted organic waste, industrial waste (ashes), and recycled materials (tires), with the aim of minimizing environmental impacts, reducing costs, and improving the physical and mechanical properties of natural soil according to its application, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. In light of this context, this paper investigates the feasibility of using alternative materials in geotechnical works, with a focus on sanitary landfills and pavements. The main objective is to assess the applicability and benefits of the partial replacement of soil and aggregates with waste and recycled materials. The adopted methodology was based on an exploratory literature review, followed by a general analysis of the results from previously conducted geotechnical tests, including compaction, strength, permeability, durability, and stability tests of alternative materials in comparison with conventional ones. The results indicate that some alternative materials demonstrated favorable performance in terms of compaction, strength, and permeability. However, regarding durability and large-scale availability, further studies and testing are needed to obtain predictable and reliable parameters. Moreover, challenges related to geotechnical characterization, regulatory guidelines, and market acceptance still need to be addressed. Despite these challenges, the use of alternative materials represents a promising practice, reducing environmental impacts, financial costs, and promoting the circular economy, particularly in applications such as sanitary landfills and pavements.