Study of the application of geosynthetics in geotechnical works

Geosynthetics are synthetic materials widely used for reinforcement, drainage, and waterproofing of structures, known for their effectiveness, durability, and contribution to sustainability. In sanitary landfills and tailings dams, they ensure impermeabilization and prevent soil and groundwater contamination. In roadworks, they reinforce the soil, increasing the stability and lifespan of structures. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the application of these materials in geotechnical works, focusing on the three mentioned segments, evaluating their benefits and specific functions. A literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of geosynthetics' properties, including resistance and durability, in addition to presenting case studies to compare the performance of these materials against conventional solutions. The results indicate significant improvements, including increased soil resistance, reduced differential settlement, better control of permeability, enhanced structural safety, reduced maintenance costs, and lower environmental impact. In landfills and dams, geomembranes proved efficient in preventing leaks and contamination. On the other hand, geotextiles and geogrids contributed to improving the load-bearing capacity of pavement structures. Furthermore, the use of geosynthetics favors sustainability by optimizing the use of natural resources and promoting more responsible construction practices. Finally, the study confirms that geosynthetics play a promising role as an innovative and efficient solution for geotechnical engineering, contributing to the development of safer and more sustainable infrastructures.