Geotextiles and Geomembranes in Sustainable Engineering

The textile industry plays a vital role in global development, with technical textiles such as geotextiles and geomembranes offering significant contributions to civil and environmental engineering. Geotextiles, made from natural or synthetic fibers, are permeable fabrics that perform key functions including separation, filtration, drainage, reinforcement, and protection. They are classified into woven, non-woven, knitted, and stitched-bonded types and are applied in road construction, railways, erosion control, and environmental protection. Geomembranes, on the other hand, are impermeable polymeric barriers used in landfills, reservoirs, and mining to prevent fluid migration and ensure resource protection. Together, these geosynthetics provide durable, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions for modern infrastructure. Current research emphasizes eco-friendly alternatives, such as biodegradable fibers and smart geosynthetics, which are expected to expand their applications and support sustainable engineering practices.