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An innovative monitor measures extraction efficiency of FEL oscillators in macro-pulses, indicating improved resolution.
To enable the single-shot measurement of extraction efficiency, a key parameter of an FEL oscillator, we developed an array-type secondary electron emission monitor capable of measuring the temporal evolution of the electron beam energy distribution in a macro-pulse at KU-FEL. The monitor consists of 24 ribbon-shaped electrodes and 2 shielding electrodes, and it is positioned after the energy analyzer magnet and just before a beam dump. The beam energy evolutions in a macro-pulse with and without FEL lasing were measured in a single shot with approximately 100 ns temporal resolution. From the results obtained, the extraction efficiency of FEL oscillators can be evaluated.
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Bi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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