Movement behavior and longevity: an evolutionary concept — the Physical Activity and Longevity Interest Group of the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology

The concept of 24-hour movement behavior proposes an integrated approach that considers physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep as interdependent elements in promoting health and longevity. Evidence suggests that small reallocations of time among these behaviors — such as replacing some minutes of sedentary behavior or sleep with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity — can significantly reduce mortality risk and improve cognitive and physical functions in older adults. This evolutionary perspective was extensively discussed at the 25th Brazilian Congress of Geriatrics and Gerontology, marking the beginning of the activities of the Physical Activity and Longevity Interest Group of the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, strength and balance exercises, 7-8 hours of sleep, and less than 8 hours of sedentary behavior per day. However, evidence shows low adherence to these recommendations among older adults, reinforcing the importance of multidisciplinary efforts to reorganize routines and foster healthy habits. In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, physical activity is recognized as a functional biomarker of healthy aging. Multicomponent strategies with personalized prescriptions are central to preserving independence and reducing morbidity. Thus, 24-hour movement behavior is established as a practical, evidence-based recommendation to guide public policies, clinical actions, and educational strategies aimed at active and functional aging.