Reliability, Maintenance, and Safety of Power-to-Gas: Lessons Learned from an Industrial Demonstrator

Power-to-Gas is the process by which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy in gaseous form. Power-to-Gas primarily relies on electrolysis, producing hydrogen (Power-to-H2) from electricity and water. Electrolysis can be supplemented by a methanation step, allowing hydrogen to react with carbon dioxide to produce methane (Power-to-CH4). As these are still emerging technologies, the management of reliability, maintenance, and safety of these installations must address specific issues that are not yet well-documented. Jupiter 1000 is an industrial demonstrator of Power-to-Gas, commissioned in 2019 by GRTgaz, which became NaTran in 2025. The installations include two electrolysis technologies and one methanation technology. For the first time in France, the megawatt scale was reached for the production of hydrogen. One of the objectives of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of this type of process and to share the initial feedback to support the development of the industrial Power-to-Gas sector. This paper presents the main lessons learned and results from Jupiter 1000 on reliability, maintenance, and safety for this type of installation. The conclusion outlines five key elements for the future of this sector.