Profile of Suicidal Hanging Cases Brought for Autopsy in a Tertiary Healthcare Center

Objective: Suicide by hanging is a significant cause of death worldwide, with a rising incidence, particularly among young adults. This study aims to analyze the medico-legal and socio-demographic profile of suicidal hanging cases to identify forensic patterns and contributing factors for prevention strategies. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, over one year (June 2021–May 2022). A total of 653 medico-legal autopsies were reviewed, of which 164 (25.11%) were identified as suicidal hanging cases. Data on demographics, forensic findings, circumstantial factors, and motives were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of victims were male (76.22%), with the most affected age group being 21-30 y (28.05%). The right mastoid was the most common knot position (38.41%), and plastic or nylon rope was the most frequently used ligature material (52.44%). Most incidents occurred at night (48.78%) and in bedrooms (51.22%). Substance abuse was present in 75.61% of cases. Marital disharmony (27.44%) and financial problems (20.12%) were leading motives. Complete hanging was more common (89.02%) than partial hanging. Internal injuries were observed in varying degrees, with injury to strap muscles (16.46%) being the most frequent. Conclusion: The findings highlight the role of socio-economic stressors and substance abuse in suicidal hanging cases. Identifying high-risk groups and implementing targeted mental health interventions, substance abuse rehabilitation, and social support measures are crucial in suicide prevention. Further multi-center studies and psychological autopsy investigations are recommended for a more comprehensive understanding.