The Impact of Contract Functions on Contractors’ Performance Behaviors: A Mixed-Methods Approach

Understanding how contract functions influence contractors’ performance behaviors is critical for improving project outcomes in the construction industry. Drawing on contractual governance theory, this study explores the differential impacts of three core contract functions—control, coordination, and adaptation—on contractor behaviors, distinguishing between perfunctory and consummate performance. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining a survey of 345 contractors with semi-structured interviews. Quantitative results indicate that contract control increases perfunctory behavior and reduces consummate behavior, contract coordination stimulates both types of behaviors, while contract adaptation reduces perfunctory behavior and enhances consummate behavior. Qualitative findings further identify boundary conditions such as fairness, trust, and project uncertainty. From a theoretical perspective, the study refines contractual governance theory by clarifying the behavioral implications of multifunctional contracts. From a practical perspective, it offers guidance for contract design that balances compliance and collaboration to encourage proactive contractor engagement.