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September 23, 2025AgricultureOpen Access

Tritrophic Interactions Among Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Its Parasitoids and Cultivated and Wild Hosts in the Pampa Biome, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Assessment of fruit infestation by tephritid flies in Brazil reveals low parasitism by parasitoids.

Infestation rates of fruit flies were found in half of the sampled fruit tree species, indicating significant crop threat.
The main species of tephritid fly identified was Anastrepha fraterculus, showing the specific threat in the region.
Natural parasitism rates of these fruit flies were low, suggesting limited biological control by native parasitoid species.
Several parasitoid species from Figitidae and Braconidae families were detected, showcasing diverse parasitoid community.

Araujo et al. (2025) studied this question.

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