Exploring Parental Perspectives on Dental Care in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a LMIC Setting

Abstract Objective Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of oral diseases compared to neurotypical peers. As primary caregivers, parents play a critical role in managing their children’s oral health and navigating related challenges. This study explored parental perspectives on maintaining oral hygiene and accessing dental care for children with ASD in Pakistan. Methods A qualitative case study design was employed to gain in-depth insights into parental experiences. Thirteen parents were purposively recruited using maximum variation sampling from “The Autism Jewel” centre in Peshawar, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework. Results Four major themes emerged: (i) Sensory challenges and oral hygiene practices; (ii) Barriers and behavioural adaptations in dental visits; (iii) Nutritional challenges and sugar management strategies; and (iv) Enhancing access to specialised dental care for children with ASD. Parents reported difficulties related to sensory aversions, communication barriers, behavioural resistance, and limited availability of trained dental professionals. General anaesthesia was frequently required for routine dental procedures. Conclusion The findings highlight significant challenges in maintaining oral health among children with ASD, driven by sensory sensitivities, behavioural difficulties, and systemic limitations in care provision. Tailored training for dental professionals, sensory-adapted environments, and integration of oral health services within autism centres are critical to improving dental care experiences for autistic children in low-resource settings.