This analysis evaluates pollution sources and removal strategies for thallium in wastewater, highlighting regulatory and technical challenges.
This paper systematically analyzes the pollution sources, environmental impacts, and prevention strategies of thallium-containing wastewater. It focuses on the physicochemical properties and environmental behavior of thallium, analyzes domestic and international pollution control policies and standards, and reviews the migration and emission characteristics of thallium in typical industrial processes such as lead-zinc smelting, iron and steel, and sulfuric acid production. The article also summarizes the principles, effectiveness, and limitations of thallium removal technologies, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and biological treatment. It points out that oxidation-precipitation and adsorption methods show good prospects for engineering applications, particularly emphasizing the high removal efficiency of thallium by manganese and iron-based materials. Finally, based on the migration patterns of thallium in the hydrometallurgical zinc process, it proposes strengthening the refined management and treatment process optimization of thallium-containing wastewater to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for achieving green industrial transformation.
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Dong et al. (2025) studied this question.
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