Tackling Traffic Woes in Dhaka: A Cost-Effective Solution through the Overpass and Underpass Systems

This study explores a cost-effective solution to address the severe traffic congestion in Dhaka city by proposing the implementation of short-span overpass and underpass systems at key intersections. These junctions, where vehicles frequently stop to allow cross-traffic, are primary contributors to gridlock. This study aims to identify Dhaka’s most congested intersections and propose feasible, low-cost overpass and underpass systems by evaluating their design suitability, cost-effectiveness, and potential socio-economic and environmental impacts compared to existing traffic management approaches. Using a mixed-method approach that includes pilot design proposals, analysis of secondary traffic and mobility data, observational insights, and international case comparisons, this study identifies four high-impact intersections and presents a practical roadmap for phased implementation. By alleviating these bottlenecks, the conceptual model proposed in this paper offers a practical approach to alleviate traffic jams. Quantitative estimates suggest a potential reduction in congestion levels by up to 65 - 70 percent, a 40 - 50 percent improvement in average travel speed, and a 25 - 30 percent decline in vehicular emissions. The study provides policy-level recommendations, encouraging decision-makers to adopt this strategy in a pilot phase at four intersections - an overpass system at Science Lab-Nilkhet and Mirpur-1, and an underpass system at Farmgate and Shahbagh. If implemented, it has the potential to significantly improve traffic flow and enhance the quality of urban life. While the analysis is primarily based on conceptual designs and secondary data, future research incorporating real-time simulation or field trials is recommended. The findings contribute to urban transport planning literature and offer scalable solutions for developing megacities facing infrastructure bottlenecks. Overall, the study provides clear policy and planning insights for urban traffic management in South Asian contexts and lays a foundation for further empirical research.