Enantioselective hydrogenation achieves >99% ee in cyclobutenoic acids, suggesting efficient preparation routes.
An enantioselective hydrogenation of a fluorinated cyclobutenoic acid derivative using both neutral cobalt(II) and cationic, bis(phosphine)-supported cobalt(I) precatalysts has been developed. With a bis(phosphine)-supported cobalt(I) precatalyst, complete conversion and >99% ee was obtained at ambient temperature, enabling a route for the preparation of an enantioenriched bis(difluoro)-substituted cyclobutane. Deuterium-labeling studies supported homolytic cleavage of dihydrogen and established the unsaturated starting material was not isomerized under catalytic hydrogenation conditions.
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Moffa et al. (2025) studied this question.
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