Structural and Optical Characterizations of ZnFe₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄ and Their Nanocomposites

In this study, the structural and optical properties of zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄), cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄), and their nanocomposite were systematically investigated. The materials were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by solid-state reaction techniques. A 1:1 weight ratio was utilized for the nanocomposite to combine the distinct properties of both ferrites. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the spinel cubic crystal structures for both ZnFe₂O₄ and CoFe₂O₄, with phase purity validated through Rietveld refinement. The nanocomposite demonstrated a robust crystalline structure without secondary phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed agglomerated crystallites within the nanometer range (10–20 nm). Optical characterization using UV-visible spectroscopy indicated semiconductor behavior with direct band gaps exceeding 2 eV, confirming their potential for optoelectronic applications. The nanocomposite exhibited enhanced structural and optical stability compared to its individual constituents, providing a promising foundation for further exploration into their magnetic and electrical properties. This study highlights the significance of ZnFe₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄, and their nanocomposite in multifunctional applications, including magnetic devices and energy storage systems.