Enhanced Adsorption Characteristics of Methylene Blue Dye using CNT–Functionalized Moringa Leaf Powder

This study investigates the adsorption potential of methylene blue (MB) dye using a novel bio-composite prepared by intercalating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP). Adsorption capacity optimization was performed under varying experimental conditions, including pH (4–9), initial MB concentration (0.05–1 ppm), adsorbent dosage, temperature (20–50°C), and contact time (0–60 minutes). The biosorbent's surface properties and functional groups were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, revealing the synergistic role of CNT intercalation in enhancing adsorption efficiency. SEM analysis confirmed a heterogeneous, porous morphology of MOLP, ideal for dye entrapment. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of carboxylic, carbonyl, and phenolic groups, which significantly contributed to the binding of MB dye molecules through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The results demonstrate that functionalized MOLP exhibits superior adsorption performance compared to pristine MOLP, owing to the remarkable surface area and tunable chemistry of CNTs. This study highlights the potential of CNT-MOLP as a cost-effective, sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment, offering an efficient alternative to conventional methods for dye removal.