The use of μονογενής in Gregory of Nazianzus’ Five Theological Orations

Gregory of Nazianzus, a pivotal figure in 4th-century Trinitarian theology, significantly influenced the development of Christian doctrine. This article focuses on Gregory’s interpretation of the term μονογενής (“only-begotten”) as applied to the Son of God within the Trinitarian framework, particularly as articulated in his Five Theological Orations. The analysis reveals that Gregory employed a literal interpretation of μονογενής, meaning “originated” and “offspring,” to describe the Son’s relationship with the Father. This interpretation reflects a broader Greek philosophical view of the divine as existing in a non-temporal, incorporeal realm, which Gregory acknowledges as ultimately mysterious and beyond full human comprehension. This framework, while influential, is not explicitly supported by Scripture. Consequently, this article advocates for a re-evaluation of the μονογενής concept based solely on Scripture, challenging the presuppositions that influenced the classic Trinitarian doctrine.