Statistical radio-location characteristics of atmospheric formations and objects observed on their background

Ship’s radar systems operating at wavelengths of 3 cm and 10 cm allow, along with remote observation of navigation objects, to receive information on the state of the atmosphere, the sea and the earth’s surface. However, ship radars do not receive such information, which affects the safety of navigation. The atmosphere and atmospheric formations, as the environment in which radar signals propagate, as well as the underlying surface (sea water and land), on the one hand, significantly affect the effectiveness of radar observation of navigation objects in the vessel’s path, and on the other hand, radar information on the state of the atmosphere and the underlying surface allows the crew to make the right decisions in a timely manner when hazardous meteorological and oceanological phenomena occur. Due to the fact that atmospheric formations are a radar object, consisting of elementary reflectors that have, in general, non-spherical shape and chaotic movement in space, they create background echo signals on the indicators that prevent radar observation of navigation objects, and at the output of the ship’s radar receiver, the echo signals of fluctuating and atmospheric objects are not separated and are not separately observed. To assess atmospheric and fluctuating objects, knowledge of their statistical radar characteristics is necessary. The theoretical basis of this estimate may be the correlation functions of radar signals reflected from atmospheric formations and the underlying surface. Considering the fact that the speeds of individual reflectors and their movements are assumed to be stationary random processes. The article discusses the correlation functions of these objects, which will later be used to obtain their radar information and its presentation on the ship’s radar indicators and the ship’s computer display.