Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Antifungal Potential of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Candida Species

A BSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent vaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly drug-resistant strains, remain a major concern in women’s reproductive health. Aim: This study evaluates the antifungal potential of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), synthesized via a semi-solvothermal method, against clinically relevant vaginal Candida species— Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis , and C. krusei . Materials and methods: Structural and optical characterization confirmed a crystalline cubic phase (XRD), a strong UV–Vi’s absorption at 340 nm with a 3.4 eV band gap, and spherical nanoparticles (10–25 nm) seen via FESEM. Antifungal activity was tested using agar well diffusion and CFU assays across 15–1000 μg/mL concentrations. Result: A concentration-dependent colony forming unit (CFU) reduction was observed, with C. krusei showing the highest sensitivity (MIC: 60 μg/mL; complete inhibition at 1000 μg/mL), followed by C. glabrata. C. albicans and C. tropicalis exhibited moderate to high resistance. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of CuO NPs as a promising antifungal agent, particularly effective against resistant or non- albicans Candida species, offering an alternative strategy for treating vaginal candidiasis.