Fourneyron Turbine: A Forgotten Gem? A Performance Analysis Using CFD

The radial reaction turbine, invented by Benoît Fourneyron (1802–1867), marked a pivotal moment in the history of engineering and hydroelectric power. This device not only propelled the development of renewable energy by harnessing water resources but also laid the foundation for modern turbine design. Its innovative method for converting the kinetic and potential energy of water revolutionized electricity generation, enabling production on an unprecedented scale. Beyond technical contributions, it played a role in the industrialization of many regions and the advancement of mechanical and fluid engineering. As energy demand grows, revisiting and optimizing classic designs like Fourneyron’s is increasingly relevant. However, much of the knowledge surrounding this turbine remains confined to museums and archives, raising the question: why did such an efficient machine fall into obscurity? This study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of the Fourneyron turbine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) through ANSYS software. The objective is to reevaluate and understand its original design, analyzing internal flows, energy losses, and overall performance. Results are compared with historical data and theoretical models to assess the design’s strengths and limitations. The study confirms efficiency close to 80%, consistent under flow variations, aligning with historical data and supporting Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).