Therapeutic Potential of Biocompatible Nanodevices in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Clinical Study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a significant neurological disorder due to its high prevalence, chronic progression, frequent development of disability, and predominant onset in young individuals. The pathogenesis of MS is primarily explained by the immunopathogenesis hypothesis. Biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles, known for their selective sorption of cell membrane surface proteins, circulating immune complexes, lymphocytotoxin antibodies, and complement system components, have demonstrated potential for immunoreaction. Additionally, these nanoparticles enhance phagocytic activity and improve the leukocyte phagocytosis index, making them promising candidates for MS therapy. The primary objective of this study is to slow MS progression, improve neurological function and overall patient well-being, and mitigate the expansion of demyelinating lesions in the brain. Materials and Methods: The study included a patient diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in its cerebrospinal form during a phase of clinical exacerbation. Neurological status and disability levels were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and contrast-enhanced brain MRI was performed. The nanodevice Micromega-B was administered orally as an immunosorbent and immunomodulator, with dosage and treatment regimens tailored to the patient. Assessments of general condition and neurological function were conducted weekly over a six-month period, with a contrast-enhanced MRI scan performed in the fifth month. Results: Treatment with micromega-B resulted in a measurable improvement in neurological status. Patient experienced reduced stiffness and fatigue in the lower limbs, improved gait and coordination, diminished hand tremors, alleviation of depression and concentration difficulties, restoration of appetite, and enhanced speech function. Throughout the treatment, positive trends in neurological normalization were observed. After six months, the total EDSS score decreased from 210 to 45. The most significant improvements were noted in pyramidal function and coordination, with a reduction in the EDSS Disability Scale score from 6.0 to 5.0. Remarkably, by the fourth month of treatment, contrast-enhanced MRI revealed a decrease in the number of newly formed demyelinating foci for the first time. The observed improvements in neurological status corresponded with MRI findings. The recovery of central nervous system function in MS appears to result not only from the immunosuppressive properties of magnetite nanoparticles but also from the activation of remyelination mechanisms and oligodendrocyte differentiation through enzymatic methylation. Conclusion: The integration of biocompatible nanodevices into MS therapy holds significant promise. Further refinement and research into the optimal regimen and administration methods of biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles are warranted to maximize their therapeutic efficacy in MS management.