Current Research Status and Prospects of Biochar Materials for Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution

Soil heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead cause serious damage to soil ecosystems and affect human health. Therefore, the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil is a hot topic in soil research. To ensure agricultural development and human health, various physical and chemical techniques are used for soil remediation. Traditional methods for heavy metal pollution control, such as bioremediation and adsorption, are often inefficient and cannot meet growing demands. With industrial development and population growth, effective methods for soil heavy metal remediation have become extremely important. People have explored this from various aspects and actively developed new materials and technologies. Biochar has gained popularity due to its high adsorption capacity and eco-friendly properties. Biochar materials and their derivatives have significant effects in treating soil heavy metal pollution. They have made a substantial contribution to soil restoration and environmental protection. In order to better control soil heavy metal pollution, the preparation, working principle, and various development directions of biochar have been extensively studied. In view of this, this article reviews the preparation methods of biochar materials, the mechanism of biochar adsorption of heavy metal pollutants, and the research progress of biochar application in soil heavy metal pollution control. The future development prospects of biochar are also discussed.