Exploration of conformal ricci solitons in perfect fluid coupled to energy–momentum squared gravity, indicating implications for black holes.
In the present research note, we explore the nature of the conformal Ricci solitons on the energy–momentum squared gravity model F(R,T2) that is a modification of general relativity. Furthermore, we deal with a subcase of the F(R,T2)=R+λT2-gravity model coupled with a perfect fluid, which admits conformal Ricci solitons with a time-like concircular vector field. Using the steady conformal Ricci soliton, we derive the equation of state for the perfect fluid in the F(R,T2)-gravity model. In this series, we convey an indication of the pressure and density in the phantom barrier period and the stiff matter era, respectively. Finally, using a conformal Ricci soliton with a concircular vector field, we study the various energy constraints, black holes, and singularity circumstances for a perfect fluid coupled to F(R,T2)-gravity. Lastly, employing conformal Ricci solitons, we formulate the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, and the particle production rate in F(R,T2)-gravity and orthodox gravity.
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Siddiqi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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