Cadaver-based dissection model for pterional approach to the sella turcica: a practical tool for neurosurgical training

Objectives: This study aims to present a cadaver-based dissection model for the pterional approach, which is widely used in skull base surgery, as a practical tool for educational purposes in accessing the sella turcica. Methods: A pterional approach was performed on five cadavers fixed with 10% formalin using an extended craniotomy. The anatomical layers from the skin incision to the sella turcica were dissected step by step, and key neurovascular structures were identified. Results: The model successfully demonstrated critical neurovascular relationships, enabling trainees to visualize the optic nerve, internal carotid artery, anterior clinoid process, and parasellar structures. Participants (n=10 neurosurgery assistants) showed significant improvement in anatomical knowledge (pre-test: 84±11.7 vs. post-test: 96±5.16, p<0.05, Wilcoxon test) and procedural efficiency. The three-dimensional exposure facilitated skill acquisition in bone drilling, dural retraction, and vessel preservation. Conclusion: The presented model offers an effective and reproducible tool for teaching the anatomical details of the pterional approach. Future studies are recommended to expand the model with multiple cadavers and to assess its educational outcomes quantitatively.