Presentation of an Integrated International Adjustment Model for Expatriate: Focusing on Updating Variables through Multi-faceted Comparative Analysis of Literature

This study revisits the international adjustment framework for overseas dispatch managers by comparing follow-up studies from the past 30 years. Since Black et al.'s 1991 model, no integrated review has addressed recent global shifts such as COVID-19 and digital transformation. Analyzing 58 papers (40 international, 18 domestic) from two periods (2003-2007, 2019-2023), the study examines key trends in independent and dependent variables. Results show international studies now explore more diverse individual and non-job factors, while domestic research remains focused on generalized concepts, reflecting a lag in development. The study identifies underexplored domestic variables and contributes to updating and expanding the original framework to better reflect current global challenges.