A model of smart village ICT behavior: the role of external conditions, perceptions, and attitudes towards ICT use (an empirical evidence from Indonesia)

Understanding the determinants of smart village ICT behavior is essential for formulating effective policies and intervention strategies to improve the behavior. Unfortunately, research on smart villages from the perspective of ICT behavior remains limited. Thus, this research aims to develop and test a smart village ICT behavior model by examining the influence of external conditions, perceptions, and attitudes towards ICT use. The study was conducted in a smart village in Indonesia using a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey, with a sample of 99 participants. The main variables—smart village ICT behavior, perception, attitude, and external conditions—were measured using multiple indicators. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS software. The results show that external conditions significantly and positively influence smart village ICT behavior. However, perception and attitude toward ICT use do not have a significant direct effect on behavior. Perception and external conditions, on the other hand, significantly influence attitude. This study contributes theoretically by being the first to integrate perception, attitude, and external conditions into a smart village ICT behavior model. Practically, the findings can support government in designing effective policies and strategies for smart village development.