Recasting of Periodontal Diagnosis

A BSTRACT The very beginning of periodontal diagnosis began with ancient civilizations. The development of periodontology as a specialized discipline in the 20 th century resulted in the creation of uniform diagnostic standards and classification schemes. Due to interdisciplinary collaborations, scientific improvements, and a growing awareness of the intricate etiology and pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, periodontal diagnosis is still evolving. This review aims to trace the pathway of periodontal diagnosis over time. It has included clinical examination, radiography, periodontal probing and charting, microbiological analysis, computer-aided diagnosis, salivary diagnostics and biomarkers, advancements in imaging techniques, and genetic and molecular diagnostics and to end with artificial intelligence and machine learning for diagnosis.