Innovation and Oral Nutritional Supplements: An Interplay Between Regulation, Guidelines and Practice in older adults

Malnutrition is a major public health concern, particularly among older adults and individuals with chronic illnesses. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS), rich in energy and protein, represent a useful tool in its management. This review examines clinical guidelines, regulatory frameworks, and current practices related to ONS, while highlighting the role of innovation in enhancing their effectiveness and acceptability. Although reimbursement policies influence accessibility, challenges remain regarding adherence, waste, and alignment with patient preferences. Recent developments include modified-texture products, finger-food formats, and the incorporation of pro- and prebiotics based on microbiome research. Non-medical stakeholders, such as caregivers, also contribute to the dissemination and acceptance of ONS. This review highlights the synergy among these elements, fostering a dynamic of continuous progress in the nutritional management of malnutrition.