Gas chromatography–triple quadrupole (GC-Q3) applications for sampling and identifying chemicals emitted from musical instrument materials

Synthetic components and coatings, adhesives, and plastics used in the construction of modern musical instruments also potentially emit hazardous substances. There is an increased understanding of the health effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), hence the need for better analytical tests for identification and measurement. This review critically discusses the advancements in detecting toxic compounds in musical instrument materials using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, abbreviated GC-Q3. The aspects covered are the approach development, sample preparation processes, target compound groups, sensitivity levels, and concerns related to legislation and regulation. Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC-Q3 is one of the most effective, non-destructive, and sensitive methods. It also addresses possibilities for future work on standardization in the performing arts, green manufacturing, and directions for occupational and environmental safety in the performing arts.