Incidence trends and survival analysis of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

Background Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare, aggressive form of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primarily affecting the small intestine. Due to its extremely low incidence and poor prognosis, studies on EATL are limited. This study aims to analyze the incidence trends, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of EATL using the SEER database. Methods We analyzed the incidence trends of EATL using SEER data from 2000 to 2021 and performed multivariate Cox regression to identify independent prognostic factors. Conditional survival (CS) analysis was performed to evaluate survival outcomes, and a CS-nomogram was developed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year CS. Results The age-adjusted incidence rate of EATL was 0.014 per 100,000, showing a significant upward trend (APC 2.63). Multivariate analysis identified age, tumor site, tumor stage, surgery, and chemotherapy as independent OS risk factors. CS analysis showed that the 5-year survival probability progressively increased from 16% to 48%, 67%, 83%, and 93% after surviving 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-diagnosis. The dynamic nomogram showed excellent performance in predicting survival and stratifying patients into risk groups. Conclusions This study provided valuable insights into the epidemiology, prognosis, and survival outcomes of EATL. The increasing incidence and CS outcomes highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention. The dynamic nomogram model developed here offered a more accurate prediction of individual survival outcomes and can aid in clinical decision-making.