Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected multiple aspects of life, particularly the business sector, which has struggled with the challenges posed by decreasing consumer spending. Globally, an economic crisis has occurred in many countries, including Indonesia, which experienced a recession in the third quarter of 2020 with a GDP decline of 3.49%. As the country with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia and a high mortality rate, Indonesia faces major challenges in economic recovery. The government has implemented various measures to support people affected by the pandemic. In this situation, companies must develop adaptive strategies not only to survive but also to seize opportunities to improve their performance, even surpassing pre-pandemic conditions.Purpose: To explain how manufacturing companies in Indonesia invest in R research and development (r&d)
Wijayanto et al. (Thu,) studied this question.