Biomedical Characteristics and Evaluation of Chitosan, Bioactive Glass and Laponite®/BMP-2 as Surface Implant Coatings: A Systematic Review

Purpose: The surface coatings of implants primarily used in orthopedics and dentistry are developed to improve osseointegration with the body's tissues and ensure durability and functionality. In surgical practice, there is large diversity of options for grafting materials to manage bone loss, promote osteoinduction and accelerate implant integration and survival. The aim of the present study is to analyze and evaluate the biomedical characteristics of Chitosan, Bioactive glass and Laponite®/BMP-2 as potential substances for surface coatings of implants. Material/Methods: A search for scientific studies was conducted in the electronic databases: Google Scholar and PubMed for a period of ten years (2014-2024)ith keywords: Biomedical characteristics, Chitosan, Bioactive glass, Laponite (BMP-2), implant surface coatings. Results: Results demonstrated that chitosan used as a coating for implant materials promotes osteointegration both in vitro and in vivo. Coating the implant with bioactive glasses leads to improved stability as well as the connection between the coating and the implant. The combination of Laponite®'s biocompatibility and the osteoinductive properties of BMP-2 as surface implant coating can enhance the healing of bone defects and accelerate osteointegration. Conclusion: This review highlights the main characteristics of commonly used bone substitutes and provides guidance on their clinical use in orthopedic and traumatology practice and periodontal treatment in terms of improving their durability.