Signal Response Characteristics of GFRP Anchor Systems in Earthen Sites Under Load Conditions

The dynamic response of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) anchor system in earthen sites under load conditions is important for evaluating its performance. This study introduces a time-frequency analysis method based on CEEMD for defect identification and dynamic response characterization in GFRP anchoring systems. Three primary aspects are examined: localization of defects, the load-frequency relationship, and the evolution of consolidation wave velocity under varying loads. A key contribution of this work is the use of the CEEMD method to precisely identify defect locations, particularly in scenarios where defects are close to the loading end, reducing the interference from stress wave propagation. The method shows strong potential for detecting defects, though challenges remain in handling more complex defect configurations. Additionally, this study identifies a consistent cubic power law between load and fundamental frequency, supported by both experimental and literature data, indicating strong applicability across diverse anchoring systems under load conditions. Consolidation wave velocity analysis revealed a strong correlation with bonding quality and the presence of defects, revealing its potential as an indicator for anchorage integrity. This research fills a gap in understanding dynamic responses of anchoring systems with defects, offering a valuable tool for health monitoring in GFRP anchoring systems.