Exploring the morphology and bioactivity of bioglass-iron oxide coatings on Ti6Al4V implants via electrophoretic deposition

The Ti6Al4V alloy has garnered significant interest for use in medical implants due to its exceptional properties, such as excellent biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, high strength, and a relatively low Young's modulus. In this research, a composite coating made from bioactive glass and 5% Fe3O4 nanoparticles by weight was applied to the surface of the Ti6Al4V alloy using the electrophoretic deposition technique. Results revealed that the inclusion of iron oxide nanoparticles enhanced the coating’s hydrophilicity and thickness, offering better protection against corrosion. Among the various deposition times tested, the coating applied for 32 minutes stood out, exhibiting a thicker layer (148.75 µm) and superior corrosion resistance. This thicker coating also increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, which promoted better cell attachment. The coated samples were placed in a simulated body fluid solution for 7, 14, and 28 days to assess their bioactivity. Elemental mapping showed the presence of calcium and phosphorus on the surfaces, signaling bioactive properties. However, cell viability tests revealed a reduction in cell survival (46.02%) for the sample with the composite coating over three days, while the uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy and the bioactive glass-coated sample maintained higher viability rates of 93.44% and 70.10%, respectively.