The Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulfate in Treating Severe Trauma-Related Brain Injuries

Background: Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) inflict a profound and considerable burden on public health systems due to their high mortality rates, as well as the long-term disability associated with them. Even with improvements in critical care, options to mitigate further damage to the brain after injury is sustained remain insufficient. Magnesium sulfate has promising manual neuroprotective characteristics due to its calcium channel blockade mechanism and diminished excitotoxicity effects. To assess the clinical effectiveness of magnesium sulfate in achieving severe trauma brain injury patient survival, neurological outcome, complication reduction in infection, and overall outcomes and survival enhancement. Methods: This study prospectively considered a sample of 93 patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) from June 2022 to June 2023. Intravenous magnesium sulfate was given according to the patient's weight and clinical condition, following set protocols. Data was gathered on age-related factors and injury details including the underlying cause, initial GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) scores, ICU dependency, magnesium concentration during hospitalization, any complications encountered, and GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale) score upon discharge. The data was analyzed statistically using relevant tests assuming a type I error of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of patients were male (67.7%) with a mean age of 38.7 years. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of injury. Good recovery was observed in 54.8% of patients based on the GOS. Serum magnesium levels remained within the therapeutic range in 88.2% of cases. Complications such as hypotension and bradycardia were minimal. Overall survival was 78.5%, with statistically significant improvement in neurological outcomes (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate appears to be a safe and effective adjunctive therapy in the management of severe traumatic brain injuries. Its use was associated with better neurological recovery and lower mortality. Further multicenter randomized trials are recommended to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols.