Forensic DNA analysis of heat-exposed unrestored teeth: Temperature and duration effects

Context: Forensic identification often relies on DNA recovery from human remains, with teeth being a preferred source due to their resistance to extreme conditions. Aim: To evaluate the DNA yield from unrestored teeth exposed to various temperatures and durations and assess its utility in forensic identification. Settings and Design: An experimental study assessing DNA recovery from teeth subjected to controlled heat exposure. Materials and Methods: Unrestored teeth were exposed to temperatures of 200°C, 450°C, 700°C, 950°C, and 1200°C for 30 and 60 min. DNA was then extracted and quantified. Statistical Analysis Used: The study analysed DNA yield from unrestored teeth exposed to varying temperatures and durations. Posterior teeth showed higher yields, with DNA decreasing as heat and time increased. Independent t -tests, ANOVA, and Tukey honestly significant difference confirmed statistically significant differences. Results: DNA was effectively recovered at lower temperatures and shorter durations. Higher temperatures and longer exposures reduced DNA yield, highlighting the relevance of thermal conditions in forensic applications. Conclusions: Forensic dentistry is crucial in identifying remains exposed to fire or decomposition. Teeth, especially posteriors, often preserve DNA due to their durability and protected position. They offer a reliable, cost-effective source of genetic material, even in harsh conditions. Advancements in extraction methods continue to improve identification in complex forensic cases.