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This is a Quantitative Study study.

The European Union Trade in Information and Communication Technology in Services with the United States: Evidence from Statistical Data Between 2015 And 2023

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Analysis reveals divergent export specialization among EU member states in ICT services trade with the US, indicating competitive dynamics.

Overall EU trade surplus in ICT services grew from €4.7 billion to €19.3 billion between 2015 and 2023.
Ireland emerged as the leading exporter with €18.4 billion in ICT services exports in 2023, showing improved competitive advantage.
Germany stands as the only major deficit country, highlighting varying performances among member states.
Twelve 'Rising Star' countries were identified in 2023, showing competitive evolution despite a drop from 17 in 2015.

Stefaniak et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis reveals divergent export specialization among EU member states in ICT services trade with the US, indicating competitive dynamics.