School Environment and Mental Health of Adolescents: Evidence From the Tribal Area of Jharkhand

Adolescence represents a critical period of physical, emotional, and social transformation, during which mental health plays a pivotal role in shaping overall development. In India, where adolescents constitute a significant proportion of the population, understanding the school environment’s role in promoting mental health is particularly vital, especially within tribal regions that face structural inequities. The present study examines the mental health challenges and factors impacting. Drawing upon Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the study emphasizes the interaction between cultural context, social support, and cognitive development. A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 170 students. The results show the community has a multivariate effect on psychosocial outcomes. The government initiatives and targeted support in tribal areas are gradually making an impact and contributing to improved perceptions of school environment and psychosocial well-being among Schedule caste and Schedule tribe students. The study highlights the need for culturally sensitive school-based programs that strengthen resilience, reduce academic stress, and foster inclusive support systems to ensure equitable mental health outcomes for all adolescents.