Morphological and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Adrenal Gland in

This study investigates the adrenal gland structure and gene expression in Acomys cahirinus compared to Mus musculus, aiming to assess its relevance for human adrenal disease modeling. We identified a well-defined zona reticularis in Acomys, resembling the human adrenal cortex. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of key steroidogenic genes (Cyp17a1, Sult1e1, Hsd3b2, Defb18, Kiss1, H2-Ke6), with validation by qRT-PCR and CAGE-seq. The gene Nupl1 showed discordant results between RNA-seq and CAGE. Pathway analysis highlighted enrichment of steroidogenesis and adrenal metabolism. Notably, a GTEx-based comparison demonstrated that Acomys adrenal gene expression closely mirrors the expression in the human adrenal cortex, whereas Mus musculus samples diverged toward brain-specific signatures. These findings suggest that Acomys cahirinus represents a promising model for adrenal research, though further studies including single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays are warranted to fully establish its translational potential.