Overview of potential sustainable approaches of food waste conversion techniques into biofuels and bioactive compounds

Improper food waste management exposes the ecosystem to risk by releasing harmful substances, greenhouse gases, nitrates, ammonia, and so on. Because of this, food management is a crucial global concern. Food waste cannot be prevented, but it can be used to create bio‐products, including biofuels, bioplastics, and bioactive compounds and so on. Also, the global demand for energy is expected to rise by 56% from 2010 to 2040, according to the 2013 International Energy Outlook. Furthermore, projections indicate that fossil fuels will continue to be the primary source of energy until 2030 or later. Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) seeks a major increase in the percentage of renewable energy sources in the global supply of energy through 2030. One of the primary advantages of biomass is that it is nearly carbon neutral and can be obtained in huge quantities from a range of sources. The aim of this paper is to explain the various biological techniques that have all been researched for recovering energy and resources from food waste, including anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, and bioprocessing methods, and so on. This study also focused on the biofuels, bio products and their circular bioeconomy.