Stem Cell Innovations in Dentistry: Advancing Neuroregeneration, Periodontal Repair, and Craniofacial Reconstruction

Stem cell-based therapies have revolutionized the field of dentistry, offering innovative solutions for a wide range of complex clinical challenges, including neuroregeneration, periodontal repair, and craniofacial reconstruction. This literature review synthesizes the latest advancements in stem cell applications, highlighting their remarkable potential to regenerate damaged tissues and restore function. The review emphasizes the integration of stem cells with cutting-edge technologies such as biomaterials, gene editing, and 3D bioprinting, which have enhanced the precision and efficacy of these therapies. Key findings demonstrate the significant regenerative potential of dental-derived stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), in promoting nerve repair, mitigating periodontal disease, and addressing congenital and acquired craniofacial defects. The paper also explores emerging trends, including the use of stem cell-derived exosomes, personalized regenerative medicine, and interdisciplinary collaborations, which promise to further enhance the scope and effectiveness of stem cell-based treatments in dentistry. This review underscores the transformative potential of stem cell technologies in dentistry and provides a roadmap for future research and clinical translation to improve patient outcomes and global accessibility to regenerative therapies.