Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Amitraz Compound Poisoning in the First 24 Hours of Admission at a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Background:Amitraz is a formamidine compound widely used as an acaricide and insecticide in the veterinary and agricultural sectors. Its central alpha 2 adrenergic agonist activity renders it toxic upon ingestion, leading to central nervous system (CNS) depression, bradycardia, and respiratory depression. This study aimed to investigate the early clinical effects of Amitraz poisoning, evaluate the need for mechanical ventilator support and assess patient outcomes during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care hospital in Kuppam district. 60 participants exposed to Amitraz were enrolled. Clinical profiles, vital parameters, CNS status via Glasgow Coma scale, arterial blood gas analysis and mechanical ventilation requirement were evaluated. Laboratory investigations included blood glucose, serum Pseudocholinesterase and imaging studies. Patients were monitored for ventilator support, ICU stay duration and final clinical outcomes. Results: the mean age was 27.2 years, with 65% under 26 years. Suicidal ingestion accounted for 96.7% of cases. Bradyapnea (66.7%), hypoxemia (70%), abnormal GCS (< 11) in 66.7%, and respiratory acidosis (16.7%) were commonly observed. Mechanical ventilation was required in 66.7% of patients, while 98.3% showed favorable recovery. Only one mortality (1.7%) was recorded. Conclusion: Amitraz poisoning predominantly affects young adults through suicidal ingestion. Respiratory depression and CNS involvement necessitate ICU support. Early recognition and timely intervention lead to positive outcomes in most cases.