Determination of the Need for Prosthetic Treatment at Patients with Partial and Complete Absence of Teeth with the Use of Dental Implants

The purpose of the study is to study the need for prosthetic treatment at patients with partial and complete absence of teeth with the use of dental implants by conducting an examination of patients who asked for dental treatment. Materials and methods. The article determines the need for prosthetic treatment at patients with partial and complete absence of teeth with the use of dental implants. We have examined 300 patients aged from 25 to 65 years who need dental treatment with partial and complete absence of teeth at the Department of IFNMU Prosthetic Dentistry. First of all, attention was paid to the patient's age (according to the WHO age group classification), gender and objective data on partial and complete absence of teeth (on the upper jaw, lower jaw or both jaws). Clinical assessment was carried out on the basis of a collection of complaints, anamnesis of life and disease and objective data examination. The age of all patients ranged from 25 to 65 years. Results. Based on the study of complaints and objective examination of patients, it was found that among 300 people who applied to the prosthetic dentistry clinic, 245 patients complained of the absence of one or more teeth (81.6%) and the need for prosthetic replacement of the existing dentition defect to restore chewing function and aesthetics; about 55 patients complained of complete loss of teeth in the upper or lower jaw (18.4%). Complete tooth loss in the upper jaw was diagnosed in 17 patients (30.9%) and complete tooth loss in the lower jaw – in 38 patients (69.1%). The number of patients with partial tooth loss in the frontal group was 42 patients (17.1%), in the lateral group – 203 patients (82.9%). During the study, among the total number of patients, a predominance of female patients (70%), aged 35-44 years (28.6%) over male patients (30%), aged 35-44 years (12.3%) with partial defects of the dentition and complete absence of teeth was established. After cone-beam computed tomography, a sufficient volume of bone tissue (12-15 mm) was diagnosed mainly in female individuals (74.7%), aged 35-44 years (41.4%), who need dental implantation and prosthetic treatment. Conclusions. Based on the data of objective examination, clinical and special examination methods, a high level of need for prosthetic treatment with the usage of dental implants was proven. Among the total number of patients, a predominance of female individuals (70%), aged 35-44 years (28.6%) over male individuals (30%), aged 35-44 years (12.3%) with partial defects of the dentition and complete absence of teeth was established. In the frontal area of ​​the alveolar process, a sufficient level of bone tissue was diagnosed in 182 patients (91.9%) among women, and in the lateral area - in 178 patients (89.8%). A sufficient level of bone tissue in the frontal area was determined in 62 patients (92.5%) and in the lateral area - in 58 patients (86.5%) among male population. During the study, it was found that it was impossible to perform dental implantation at 4 patients (16,0%) of the study group due to significant bone loss and the need of bone augmentation.